Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015: microdata and documentation

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Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo; Andrianirina, Nicole; Bédécarrats, Florent; Droy, Isabelle; Dubois, Jean-Luc; De Montalembert, Jeanne; Rabevohitra, Bako Nirina; Rafidimanana, Rolland; Rasolofo, Patrick; Ratovoarinony, Raphaël; Ratsaramiarina, Lalasoa Anjarafara Onivola; Ravelonandro, Jean Dieudonné; Razanamavo, Voahirana; Razafindrakoto, Mireille; Rivolala, Bezaka; Roubaud, François; Saint-Macary, Camille, 2024, "Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015: microdata and documentation", https://doi.org/10.23708/WNM6LW, DataSuds, V1, UNF:6:N5CQnijcO+h7Tm2WLiyH2g== [fileUNF]

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Description	A Rural Observatory System (ROS) was established in Madagascar to address the lack of socioeconomic data on rural areas. It collected, analyzed, and disseminated data to help formulate and evaluate development policies. From 1995 to 2014, the ROS surveyed a total of 26 areas. The ROS methodology involved annual household panel surveys using consistent questionnaires supplemented by modules covering new themes and enriched questions tailored to specific contexts. Qualitative community surveys were used to understand local features and dynamics. The site selection combined quantitative and qualitative insights to reflect the diversity of Madagascar's rural challenges. Quality control was comprehensive, with measures such as limiting the number of daily surveyor interviews and daily field supervision. By making this data available for 21 consecutive years, along with documentation, metadata, and code with analysis examples, we aim to facilitate their discovery, assessment, and understanding by researchers, policymakers, and social organizations. To our knowledge, this is the only available data for an in-depth analysis of the situation and trends in the rural areas of Madagascar. (2024-03-20)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences; Social Sciences
Keyword	Rural development, Household surveys, Agriculture
Related Publication	Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo, Nicole Andrianirina, Florent Bédécarrats, et al. 2024. “Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015.” Preprint, HAL.
Notes	Data type: Survey data
License/Data Use Agreement	Custom Dataset Terms

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	1 to 8 of 8 Files	Original Format Archival Format (.tab) Request Access
	ROS_MDG_Data_Dictionary.tab ROS_MDG_1995-2015/Tabular Data - 493.4 KB Published Mar 30, 2024 14 Downloads 5 Variables, 4292 Observations UNF:6:N5CQnijcO+h7Tm2WLiyH2g== A catalog of the microdata files, file labels, variable names and variable labels Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet (Original File Format) Tab-Delimited RData Download Metadata Variable Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_Data_Use_Agreement_Template.docx ROS_MDG_1995-2015/MS Word - 23.2 KB Published Mar 30, 2024 14 Downloads MD5: 5b40e7343a1945cf25ad452ffc46a2b1 A template to be filled in and signed by the data requester to access the microdata Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Word Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_documentation.zip ROS_MDG_1995-2015/ZIP Archive - 480.1 MB Published Mar 30, 2024 10 Downloads MD5: 1a2d7ffc713b27ad77a089dba5dcb0b4 This ZIP archive contains survey questionnaires and manuals, and periodic reporting by the ROS (PDF, scanned from old hard copies), mostly in French. Note : select this file alone to be able to download it. Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options ZIP Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_microdata_1995-2015_dta_format.zip ROS_MDG_1995-2015/ZIP Archive - 86.9 MB Published Mar 30, 2024 5 Downloads MD5: 7d470e49b3924c5c15211c4465f5d61a ROS microdata from 1995 to 2015 in STATA dta format Data	Access File File Access Restricted Request Access Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_microdata_1995-2015_tsv_format.zip ROS_MDG_1995-2015/ZIP Archive - 75.4 MB Published Mar 30, 2024 1 Download MD5: 733b1cb9c83c808f90a3bdbeb2eaf06f ROS microdata from 1995 to 2015 in tsv format Data	Access File File Access Restricted Request Access Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_Publications_based_on_ ROS_bib-pdf.zip ROS_MDG_1995-2015/ZIP Archive - 185.0 MB Published Mar 30, 2024 5 Downloads MD5: 9426ff1fe92d1618a06d9b951bd66abf Bibliography in bibtex format and pdf attachements Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options ZIP Archive Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_Publications_based_on_Madagascar_Rural_observatories.pdf ROS_MDG_1995-2015/Adobe PDF - 170.9 KB Published Mar 30, 2024 11 Downloads MD5: 0d5a339e6891340704d4fe0548bbdb98 Human-readable bibliography in Chicago citation style Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	ROS_MDG_Readme.txt ROS_MDG_1995-2015/Plain Text - 9.3 KB Published Mar 30, 2024 8 Downloads MD5: b2e954a63a4d323b7f6a1af3979c210e A compilation of all the dataset metadata Documentation	Access File File Access Public Download Options Plain Text Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX

Citation Metadata

Persistent Identifier	doi:10.23708/WNM6LW
Publication Date	2024-03-30
Title	Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015: microdata and documentation
Author	Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo (Independent researcher) Andrianirina, Nicole (Independent researcher) Bédécarrats, Florent (UMI SOURCE - Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, IRD - France) - ORCID: 0000-0003-1001-5540 Droy, Isabelle (UMI SOURCE - Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, IRD - France) - ORCID: 0000-0002-1774-8635 Dubois, Jean-Luc (UMI SOURCE - Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, IRD - France) De Montalembert, Jeanne (UMR LEDa - Univ.Paris Dauphine, IRD, CNRS - France) Rabevohitra, Bako Nirina (Unit for emergency prevention and management (CPGU) - Madagascar) Rafidimanana, Rolland (Independent researcher) Rasolofo, Patrick (International Institute for Social Sciences (IISS)) Ratovoarinony, Raphaël (Independent researcher) Ratsaramiarina, Lalasoa Anjarafara Onivola (Unit for emergency prevention and management (CPGU) - Madagascar) Ravelonandro, Jean Dieudonné (Independent researcher) Razanamavo, Voahirana (Independent researcher) Razafindrakoto, Mireille (UMR LEDa - Univ.Paris Dauphine, IRD, CNRS - France) - ORCID: 0000-0002-6797-3021 Rivolala, Bezaka (Malagasy Institute for Planification Techniques (IMATeP) - Madagascar) Roubaud, François (UMR LEDa - Univ.Paris Dauphine, IRD, CNRS - France) - ORCID: 0000-0003-2234-5256 Saint-Macary, Camille (UMR LEDa - Univ.Paris Dauphine, IRD, CNRS - France) - ORCID: 0000-0002-3743-6671
Point of Contact	Use email button above to contact. Bédécarrats, Florent (UMI SOURCE - Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, IRD - France)
Description	A Rural Observatory System (ROS) was established in Madagascar to address the lack of socioeconomic data on rural areas. It collected, analyzed, and disseminated data to help formulate and evaluate development policies. From 1995 to 2014, the ROS surveyed a total of 26 areas. The ROS methodology involved annual household panel surveys using consistent questionnaires supplemented by modules covering new themes and enriched questions tailored to specific contexts. Qualitative community surveys were used to understand local features and dynamics. The site selection combined quantitative and qualitative insights to reflect the diversity of Madagascar's rural challenges. Quality control was comprehensive, with measures such as limiting the number of daily surveyor interviews and daily field supervision. By making this data available for 21 consecutive years, along with documentation, metadata, and code with analysis examples, we aim to facilitate their discovery, assessment, and understanding by researchers, policymakers, and social organizations. To our knowledge, this is the only available data for an in-depth analysis of the situation and trends in the rural areas of Madagascar. (2024-03-20)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences; Social Sciences
Keyword	Rural development (LCSH) https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85115899 Household surveys (LCSH) https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85062593 Agriculture (LCSH) https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85002415
Scientific Theme	Economic development and land use planning (NumeriSud) https://uri.ird.fr/so/kos/tnu/095 Social development, society (NumeriSud) https://uri.ird.fr/so/kos/tnu/106 Nutrition and alimentation (NumeriSud) https://uri.ird.fr/so/kos/tnu/054 Demography (NumeriSud) https://uri.ird.fr/so/kos/tnu/108
Related Publication	Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo, Nicole Andrianirina, Florent Bédécarrats, et al. 2024. “Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015.” Preprint, HAL. https://hal.science/hal-04502779 Bédécarrats, F. (2024). Madagascar rural observatory data cataloging, assessment, anonymization and geolocation (Version 1.0) [Computer software]. url: https://github.com/BETSAKA/Rural_obs_Madagascar
Notes	Data type: Survey data
Language	English; French; Malagasy
Funding Information	European Union French Cooperation French Agency for Development (AFD) German Technical Cooperation (GIZ) World Bank Swiss Cooperation CARE Madagascar Tio Tinto IFAD KfW Development Bank
Depositor	Bédécarrats, Florent
Deposit Date	2024-03-12
Time Period	Start Date: 1995-01-01 ; End Date: 2015-12-31
Software	Stata, Version: 18 R, Version: 4.3

Geospatial Metadata

Geographic Coverage	Madagascar

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Our Community Norms as well as good scientific practices expect that proper credit is given via citation. Please use the data citation shown on the dataset page.

Custom Dataset Terms — the following Custom Dataset Terms have been defined for this dataset.

Data files
The pseudonymized survey microdata may be provided upon request. The dataset documentation includes a Data Use Agreement template specifying the exact terms and conditions to be signed by the requester.

Documentation
Unless otherwise specified, documentation files are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Confidentiality Declaration

The ROS microdata may be used only for the purpose of statistical reporting and analysis, and only for your registered research. To use the data for another purpose, a new research project must be registered. All ROS microdata data should be treated as confidential, and no effort should be made to identify any household or individual respondent interviewed in the survey. Also, be aware that re-distribution of any ROS micro-level data is not permitted.

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The microdata you download, must not be shared, passed on to others, or made publicly available. All other interested users are required to register a microdata access request, and access the data from their approved accounts through DataSuds.

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For all re-use of the data, you agree to cite its source, as:
Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo et al. 2024. “Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015.” Scientific Data (Submitted).
Bibtex format below:
@article{andrianjafindrainibe_rural_2024,
    title = {Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015},
    number = {Submitted},
    journal = {Scientific Data},
    author = {Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo and Andrianirina, Nicole and Bédécarrats, Florent and Droy, Isabelle and Dubois, Jean-Luc and de Montalembert, Jeanne and Rabevohitra, Bako Nirina and Rafidimanana, Roland and Rasolofo, Patrick and Ratovoarinony, Raphaël and Ratsaramiarina, Lalasoa Anjarafara Onivola and Ravelonandro, Jean-Dieudonné and Razanamavo, Voahirana and Razafindrakoto, Mireille and Rivolala, Bezaka and Roubaud, François and Saint-Macary, Camille},
    year = {2024},
}

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The microdata is accessible in Stata .dta format (89Mo) and in tabulated separated values .tsv format (77Mo). The detailed content of the microdata is described in the Data Dictionary. All the documentation associated to the survey are also included.

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License/Data Use Agreement

Our Community Norms as well as good scientific practices expect that proper credit is given via citation. Please use the data citation shown on the dataset page.

Custom terms specific to this dataset Custom Dataset Terms — the following Custom Dataset Terms have been defined for this dataset.

Terms of Use Data files
The pseudonymized survey microdata may be provided upon request. The dataset documentation includes a Data Use Agreement template specifying the exact terms and conditions to be signed by the requester.

Documentation
Unless otherwise specified, documentation files are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Confidentiality Declaration The ROS microdata may be used only for the purpose of statistical reporting and analysis, and only for your registered research. To use the data for another purpose, a new research project must be registered. All ROS microdata data should be treated as confidential, and no effort should be made to identify any household or individual respondent interviewed in the survey. Also, be aware that re-distribution of any ROS micro-level data is not permitted.

Restrictions The microdata you download, must not be shared, passed on to others, or made publicly available. All other interested users are required to register a microdata access request, and access the data from their approved accounts through DataSuds.

Citation Requirements For all re-use of the data, you agree to cite its source, as:
Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo et al. 2024. “Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015.” Scientific Data (Submitted).
Bibtex format below:
@article{andrianjafindrainibe_rural_2024,
    title = {Madagascar rural observatory surveys, a longitudinal dataset on household living conditions 1995-2015},
    number = {Submitted},
    journal = {Scientific Data},
    author = {Andrianjafindrainibe, Velomalala Solo and Andrianirina, Nicole and Bédécarrats, Florent and Droy, Isabelle and Dubois, Jean-Luc and de Montalembert, Jeanne and Rabevohitra, Bako Nirina and Rafidimanana, Roland and Rasolofo, Patrick and Ratovoarinony, Raphaël and Ratsaramiarina, Lalasoa Anjarafara Onivola and Ravelonandro, Jean-Dieudonné and Razanamavo, Voahirana and Razafindrakoto, Mireille and Rivolala, Bezaka and Roubaud, François and Saint-Macary, Camille},
    year = {2024},
}

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